M stars, also known as red dwarfs, are the smallest and coolest type of main sequence stars. They have masses between 0.08 and 0.45 times that of the Sun and temperatures ranging from 2,400 to 3,700 kelvin. Despite their small size and low luminosity, M stars are the most common type of star in the universe. Research on M stars has focused on their potential to host habitable exoplanets, as these stars have long lifetimes and stable conditions that could support life. Scientists are also studying the magnetic activity and variability of M stars, as well as their interaction with planetary atmospheres. Additionally, M stars are being investigated as potential targets for future space missions and as sources for new insights into stellar evolution and star formation processes. Understanding these stars and their properties can provide valuable information about the formation and evolution of planetary systems in our galaxy.